Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels - Yahoos and Houyhnhnms :: Gullivers Travels Essays

What do the Yahoos and the Houyhnhnms stand for? What moral was fast potation from them? The answer to the second question depends on the root of the first. One solution could be that the Yahoos represent man as he actually is, self- want, imbruted and depraved, while the Houyhnhnms symbolize what man ought to be, unselfish, rational, cultured. In the fourth voyage, Swift presents a case study for opposing states of disposition, with the Yahoos representing the argument that man is governed by his passions, seeking his hold advantage, pursuing pleasures and avoiding pain, and the Houyhnhnms representing the argument that man is governed by reason. If this is the case, then Swifts misanthropy was such that he saw men as the implike and disgusting Yahoos, and made it plain that reform of the species was out of the question. A major fault with this theory is that it leaves no place for Gulliver. When attention is drawn to the realise of Gulliver himself, as distinct from his cr eator, Swift, he is taken to be the moral of the story. If you cant be a Houyhnhnm you dont need to be a Yahoo just find out to be like Gulliver. The trouble with this idea is that when taking a nigher look at Gulliver, he isnt worth emulating. The final picture of him talk with the horses in the stable for four hours a day, unable to stand the community of his own family, makes him look foolish. Another theory is that Gulliver made a mistaking in regarding the Houyhnhnms as models to be emulated so far from being estimable creatures they are as repulsive as the Yahoos. The Yahoos might be command by their passions, but these restrain no human passions at all. On this view, Swift was not advocating, but attacking reason. The voyage does seem to have a slight religious moral also. One of the oldest debates in Christianity concerns the nature of man since the fall of Adam. He was so corrupted by that egress that left to his own devices he was beyond redemption. His passions naturally inclined him toward vice, and his reason, so far from bringing him out of his vicious ways, led him even promote into error. Only Divine Revelation could bring men back to the straight and narrow path of virtue. Although man is naturally inclined toward evil, nevertheless his own unaided reason could bring him to knowledge of moral truth.