Hidden Beauty of Indonesia

HIDDEN BEAUTY OF INDONESIA Located off the northwest tip of Bird's Head Peninsula on the island of New Guinea,  Raja Ampat, or the Four Kings, is an archipelago comprising over 1,500 small islands, cays and shoals surrounding the 4 main islands of Misool, Salawati, Batanta and Waigeo. It is a part of the newly named West Papua province of Indonesia which was formerly Irian Jaya. Raja Ampat scuba diving is the bees knees in the world of scuba.According to theConservation International Rapid Assessment Bulletin  and their more recent2006 scientific surveys, the marine life diversity for scuba diving in Irian Jaya is considerably greater than all other areas sampled in the coral triangle of Indonesia, Philippines and Papua New Guinea. In Raja Ampat, you can see different types of fish and corals. Raja Ampat is the place where coral species reach 75% of all known species and fish nearly 1,300 species. The Raja Ampat islands are a truly natural phenomenon with enormous biological dive rsity.The amazing marine landscape means that underwater photography should be on the top your list during your stay. If you are flying from Jakarta,you can take six hour flight to Sorong with a stopover in Manado. Alternatively,you can join a diving tour in Bali and fly from there For the marketing, Raja ampat can have 2 different methods. First method is with photography contest and the other method is video contest about this gorgeous place. Photos will be uploaded into social network for instance facebook, and twitter, also the photos will be promoted with newspaper, television, etc.The winner is the one who get the most votes. Obviously this competition will need support from all of the society. Besides marketing, Government should take care of the infrastructure in Raja Ampat. Hotel, transportation, and facilities are the core problems to attract other people and make them comfortable being in Raja Ampat, 5 stars Hotel with honeymoon and family package also with the room that can contain whole family in there and the room has a way directly to the beach so that they can have a pleasure time together will be one of the examples of it.We can found other example like making Finally to make Raja Ampat one of the most wanted destination for holiday purpose will need support start from all of the Indonesian society, government to every part of the Indonesian society. Together will be much easier than individual to make this happen. Hence if you care of your country you will have a great country and you will be proud of it.

Why the Legal Drinking Age Should Stay at Twenty-one

Alcohol is a depressant that affects your vision, coordination, reaction time, multitasking ability, judgment, and decision-making (Short and Long Term). Seventy-five percent of adults in America drink alcohol (Health). Because of the large impact that alcohol consumption has had on America, it has become a hot topic of debate. Specifically, on whether lowering the age at which a person can legally drink would decrease the amount of alcohol abuse by minors. To properly address the issue of underaged drinking in America, the legal drinking age should stay at twenty-one.If lowered, the amount of alcohol being consumed by persons under twenty-one would increase, causing a rise in alcohol related accidents and death. Origins of Alcohol Ethanol, the alcohol we consume, is made by fermenting and distilling fruits and grains. Alcohol fermentation is a natural process which occurs when yeast converts carbohydrates, such as starch or sugar, into alcohol. An example would be wheat used to crea te beer, or grapes to produce wine. Most plant matter can be used to produce alcohol.When an alcoholic beverage is consumed, 20 percent of the alcohol is absorbed in the stomach and 80 percent in the small intestine (Freudenrich). The speed of absorption depends upon the concentration of alcohol in the beverage, gender, weight, and whether your stomach is full or empty; food slows down the absorption of alcohol. Men generally have more muscle mass and less fat then women, so one drink will not affect a man as it would a woman.A person doesn’t start feeling the effects of alcohol until it is carried through the bloodstream, to the  body’s tissues. This process takes about twenty minutes, depending on the amount originally consumed. Once absorbed by the bloodstream, five percent of the alcohol is expelled through the kidneys as urine, five percent through exhalation of the lungs, and the rest is broken down into acetic acid by the liver (Freudenrich). A person becomes â€Å"drunk† when an excess of alcohol is consumed and cannot be absorbed by the liver. Throughout history, alcohol has provided a large variety of uses for the human race.No one knows exactly when alcohol was first used, but intentionally fermented drinks existed as early as 10,000 B. C. (Patrick, 12-13). In ancient Egypt, brewing dates back to the beginning of civilization, where alcohol played an important roll in worship of the gods (Cherrington, vol. 1, 404). Alcoholic beverages were used for pleasure, nutrition, medicine and ritual. In China, alcohol was considered a spiritual food, playing an important role in religious life (Hucker, 28).â€Å"In ancient times people always drank when holding a memorial ceremony, offering sacrifices to gods or their ancestors, pledging resolution before going into battle, celebrating victory, before feuding and official executions, for taking an oath of allegiance, while attending the ceremonies of birth, marriage, reunions, departure s, death, and festival banquets† (Fei-Peng, 13). Greeks were the most restrained when it came to alcohol consumption in ancient history. This had to do with their rules stressing moderate drinking, diluting wine with water, and avoiding excess (Austin, 11).However, intoxication at gatherings and festivals was not uncommon. By 1,700 B. C. , wine making was commonplace, and during the next thousand years wine drinking assumed the same function so commonly found around the world: It was incorporated into religious rituals, it became important in hospitality, it was used for medicinal purposes and it became an integral part of daily meals (Babor, 1986, pp. 2-3). Greek philosopher, Plato, thought wine, in moderation, was beneficial to one’s health and happiness.With all of these ancient countries prospering, and consuming alcohol for the better, it is difficult to believe that alcohol consumption laws are being abused every day by underaged drinkers. Temperance Movement In t he early days of America, alcohol was viewed positively, with the idea that it was to be received with thankfulness. Even toddlers drank alcohol; it was seen as healthful for everyone.Ironically enough, for over thirty years, those who abstained from alcohol had to pay life insurance rates that  were ten percent higher than that for drinkers. Those who held back from alcohol were seen as â€Å"thin and watery, and as mentally cranked, in that he repudiated the good creatures of God as found in alcoholic drinks† (Kobler, 26). There was an expectation that abusing alcohol was not acceptable. â€Å"Drunkenness was condemned and punished, but only as an abuse of a God-given gift. Drink itself was not looked upon as culpable, any more than food deserved blame for the sin of gluttony. Excess was a personal indiscretion† (Aaron and Musto, 132).Violations did occur, but for the most part, alcohol abuse was not a major problem, until urbanization. With an increase in poverty and crime in colonial America, came an increase in alcohol abuse. â€Å"A sizeable number of Americans for the first time began to drink to excess by themselves. The solo binge was a new pattern of drinking in which periods of abstinence were interspersed every week, month, or season with one to three-day periods of solitary inebriation† (Rorabaugh, 144). This is when people began to search for solutions to drinking problems.One suggestion came from one of the most influential physicians of the period, Dr. Benjamin Rush. In 1784, Dr. Rush argued that the excessive use of alcohol was injurious to a person’s physical and psychological health (Katcher, 275). Many thought that the only way to prevent drunkenness was to abstain from drinking alcohol completely. With the influence of Rush’s belief, the first temperance association was formed in Connecticut in 1789, and within the next few decades other temperance organizations were formed in eight states (Ashbury, 28- 31).The future of this movement to moderate alcohol seemed bright, but many of it’s leaders overestimated their strength; they expanded their activities and took positions on other moral issues. This just turned into political bickering, and by the early 1820s their movement was stalled. To get out of this standstill, most temperance organizations argued that the only way to prevent drunkenness was to eliminate alcohol consumption completely. While the Temperance Movement began by advocating the temperate, or moderate, use of alcohol, it now said that no one should be permitted to drink any amounts of alcohol (Royce, 40).They became much more extreme, devoted advocates of their cause. They became prohibitionists. â€Å"For decades the American public was flooded with temperance pamphlets, temperance novels, temperance newspapers, temperance sermons, and temperance lectures-the longest sustained and perhaps the largest organized effort at mass communication about a social iss ue that the country has ever seen† (Room, 22). Interestingly enough, root beer, the carbonated soft drink, was developed by prohibitionists in the hopes that it would replace beer in popularity; that effort was obviously unsuccessful.Many prohibitionists saw it as their religious duty to encourage temperance, even through politics. Children were even used in the movement to march, sing and exert pressure at polling places. One of the leading organizations for National Prohibition, the Anti-Saloon League, stressed it’s religious character, and anything it did was seen as moral or justified because it was working for God. Decades later, their strong organization and political tactics paid off in the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, establishing national prohibition.A leader of the Anti-Saloon League stated that before it’s passage in Congress, 13,000 business people who supported prohibition were given crucial instructions: We blocked the telegraph wires in Congress for three days. One of our friends sent seventy-five telegrams, each signed differently with the name of one his subordinates. The campaign was successful. Congress surrendered. The first to bear the white flag was Senator Warren Harding of Ohio. He told us frankly he was opposed to the amendment, but since it was apparent from the telegrams that the business world was demanding it he would submerge his own opinion and vote for submission.  (Pollard, 107)For decades prohibition had been advocated as the magical solution to the nation’s poverty, crime, and other indiscretions (Aaron and Musto, 157). However, almost immediately after the Eighteenth Amendment was imposed, alcohol was being made and consumed illegally. Grape juice began to sell as â€Å"bricks or blocks of Rhine Wine† along with a warning: â€Å"After dissolving the brick in a gallon of water, do not place the liquid in a jug away in the cupboard for twenty days, because then it would turn into wine† (Aaron and Musto, 159). Ironically, American alcohol production and consumption grew during the period of prohibition.It encouraged high amounts of alcohol consumption in secretive, unregulated ways. â€Å"People did not take the trouble to go to a speakeasy, present the password, and pay high prices for very poor quality alcohol simply to have a beer. When people went to speakeasies, they went to get drunk. † (Zinberg and Fraser, 468). â€Å"Removing the alcohol from the norms of everyday society increased drinking problems. Without well-known prescriptions for use and commonly held sanctions against abuse, prohibition drinkers were left almost as defenseless as were the South American Indians in the face of Spanish rum and brandy. † (Zinberg and Fraser, 470).Violence and corruption of public officials caused by prohibition only added to the list of problems. It became difficult to convict prohibition violators because public suppor t for the law and its enforcement dramatically weakened. For example, of 7,000 arrests in New York between 1921 and 1923, only twenty-seven resulted in convictions (Lender and Martin, 154). Political views on the law began to shift as it’s ineffectiveness became evident. Even John D. Rockefeller, Jr. , a lifelong abstainer, announced his support for repeal of the eighteenth amendment, because of the widespread problems it caused (Prendergast, 44).The popular vote for repeal of the eighteenth amendment was three to one, the American people rejected prohibition (Childs, 260-261). It is obvious that alcohol abuse was, and still is, an infinite problem faced by American adults and adolescents. Clearly permanently abstaining from alcohol is a mess as well. The solution, to find a healthy medium, is clear: allow Americans the consumption of alcohol, but restricting the age at which it can be consumed to twenty-one will support alcohol in moderation and promote lawfulness when consu ming alcohol.Underage Alcohol Abuse Alcohol use among teenagers is not uncommon. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine says, by the end of high school, about 75% of adolescents have tried alcohol, and more than half report having been drunk at least once in their life. â€Å"Alcohol is involved in more than one-third of the adolescent deaths associated with unintentional injury, homicide, and suicide† (Further and Fredrick). If the drinking age is lowered to 18, youth in this country will start drinking at younger and younger ages.It will be much easier for 15 to 17 year olds to obtain alcohol via their 18 year old peers in high school (Fell). The abundance of alcohol will cause distractions to students studies as well as create dangers after hours. More accidents are bound to occur, and teens will be less likely to report medical need if they are under the influence, whether it be for fear of getting in trouble or just so drunk that they’re unaware of any sor t of problem. A higher drinking age has proven to be beneficial to the health and safety of underaged women.Adolescent drinking plays a significant role in risky sexual behavior, including unwanted, unintended, and unprotected sexual activity, and sex with multiple partners (Cooper and Orcutt). Such behavior increases the risk for unplanned pregnancy and for contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including infection with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS (Cooper et al. , 1994). If the drinking age is lowered below twenty-one, adolescents will feel more comfortable drinking more, inadvertently increasing the risk of physical and sexual assault among women (Staley, 1998).Having alcohol in the body while you’re driving changes your distance and speed perception by making you see things farther or closer than they really are, or makes you feel like you’re driving the speed limit when you’re really speeding (Short and Long Term). Every day in America, anothe r 27 people die as a result of drunk driving crashes (An Examination). Sixty percent of all teen deaths in car accidents are alcohol related, and, in a single year, 522 children under the age of 14 were arrested for driving while intoxicated (Teenage Drunk Driving).â€Å"During the 1980s, the nation saw a reduction in alcohol-related fatal crashes, directly attributable to raising the legal minimum age for the sale and public possession of alcohol to age 21† (Statement) It is estimated that minimum drinking age laws have prevented nearly 25,000 fatalities since 1975: Fig. 1. Cumulative Estimated Number of Young Lives Saved by Minimum Drinking Age Laws, 1975-2007 (Traffic Safety Facts, Young Drivers, 2006). However, underaged drinking is still a problem.High school teens drive after drinking about 2.4 million times a month (Teen Drinking and Driving). These numbers will only increase if the drinking age is lowered, because alcohol will be more readily available to adolescents, and misuse will be deadly. Blood alcohol content is the percentage of alcohol in the blood. All 50 states require that the legal blood alcohol content remain at . 08% or less when driving a motor vehicle. This means that . 08% of a person’s blood, by volume, is alcohol (The Code).Teenage boys with a Blood Alcohol level of . 05%-.10% are 18 times more likely to suffer a single vehicle crash than a teenager with no alcohol in the bloodstream (Teenage Drunk Driving). That’s two beers in the course of one hour. Do you really want alcohol consumption to be legal for eighteen year olds? The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Report of 1995 showed that raising the drinking age to twenty-one reduced teen traffic accidents significantly, and brought a thirteen percent decrease in fatal traffic accidents for all ages. Alcohol abuse has been a rising problem for the past three decades.With continued exposure, the human body must adapt to increase the tolerance of alc ohol. This involves an increase in the amount of the liver’s enzymes that are used to break down alcohol, and an increase in brain activity and nervous-system neurons (Freudenrich). These adaptations negatively change a person’s behavior. With long-term alcohol exposure, the body does become more efficient at eliminating alcohol in the blood, but this also means that the person must drink more alcohol to experience the same effects as before, which leads to more drinking and contributes to addiction.Alcohol addiction, or alcoholism, is a chronic disease in which a person becomes physically dependent on alcohol (Watson). Not everyone who drinks alcohol heavily is considered an alcoholic. Those who drink enough to affect their family or job responsibilities, or drive while intoxicated, abuse alcohol, but they do not necessarily have a dependence on it. Alcoholics feel the need to drink, similarly to the way that most people feel the need to eat. There are many social fac tors that can cause one to develop alcoholism. Some include: peer pressure, advertising, and the environment.Young people are extremely susceptible to peer pressure. Too many teenagers think it is acceptable to drink â€Å"because their friends are doing it. † Adolescents who drink alcohol experience problems with brain development and learning. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism says that people who begin drinking before age fifteen are four times more likely to develop alcohol dependence at some time in their lives compared to those who have their first drink at age twenty or older. Lowering the drinking age would only create more alcohol addiction among adolescents.Alcohol, in the long-term, disrupts normal brain development; causes permanent liver damage; kills brain cells, destroys organs; and causes heart problems such as heart attack, disease and stroke (Short and Long Term). The higher the legal drinking age is, the less likely alcohol will be a fa ctor in a young adults death, and the more longevity of the average persons life. Reaffirming the Legal Drinking Age Believe it or not, there are exceptions to the law that makes it illegal for anyone under the age of twenty-one to consume alcohol.In twenty-nine states, it’s legal for a minor to drink alcohol on private, non alcohol-selling premises, with parental consent, and eleven states allow for minors to have alcohol on alcohol-selling premises, with parental approval (ProCon. org). These exceptions to the law are extremely flawed. Alcohol affects minors in a way that is different to adults consuming alcohol. It’s legal for a minor to drink alcohol on private property with parental consent. What does that say if the parents are drunk themselves?Parents under the influence would not give proper supervision to the minors drinking alcohol, and, therefore, greatly increase the risk of an accident. This exception needs to be abolished, because adolescents consuming al cohol has proven negative short-term and long-term consequences. Underage drinking is a leading contributor to death from injuries, which are the main cause of death for people under age twenty-one. â€Å"Annually, about 5,000 people under age 21 die from alcohol-related injuries involving underage drinking† (The Surgeon, 10).About 1,600 deaths result from homicides and 300 from suicides (Teen Drinking and Driving). If adolescents are given permission by parents to drink alcohol, then they will assume that they can get away with alcohol consumption in their homes when their parents are not around. This can lead to dangerous parties with underaged alcohol consumption. Many rights have different ages of initiation. A person can obtain a hunting license at age twelve, driver's license at age sixteen, vote and serve in the military at eighteen, serve in the U. S.House of Representatives at age twenty-five and in the U. S. Senate at age thirty and run for President at age thirty-f ive (Wagenaar and Toomey). â€Å"The minimum age of initiation is based on the specific behavior involved and must take into account the dangers and benefits of that behavior at a given age† (Wagenaar and Toomey). The policy for alcohol consumption at age twenty-one takes into account the fact that underage drinking is related to numerous serious problems, including injuries and deaths resulting from car crashes, suicide, homicide, assault, drowning and recreational injuries.One argument for lowering the legal drinking age is that nineteen and twenty year-olds are drinking anyway, so why not legalize it so they will drink in controlled settings? Research shows that about half of drivers arrested for driving while intoxicated (DWI) or killed as drinking drivers in traffic crashes, did their drinking at licensed establishments (An Examination). Most other foreign countries have a lower drinking age than America. It is argued that alcohol is a bigger part of the European family than it is part of the American family.Many have argued that a high drinking age forces young people to drink without adult supervision, on the contrary making it legal for eighteen to twenty year-olds to drink alcohol causes worse problems because of the abundance of drinking that takes place. For example, in New Zealand, the drinking age was lowered from twenty to eighteen in 1999. After the drinking age was lowered to eighteen, there was a significant increase in traffic crashes among youth affected by the law change (Kypri et al., 126-131).About half of the European countries have intoxication rates among young people that are higher than the intoxication rates in the United States (Comparison). This evidence proves that younger drinking ages are hazardous to the health of adolescents, which, is why the American minimum legal drinking age should stay at twenty-one. Research has proven that keeping the age at which one can legally consume alcohol at twenty-one is best for America n’s and their well being.In ancient times, alcohol in moderation was seen as a way of life, but modern day has consistently shown the need for regulation of alcoholic drinking. The problem with identifying the optimum minimum drinking age, to reduce alcohol abuse, involves many issues of freedom, responsibility, religion, politics and many other realms of life (Alcohol). America’s past has shown that making the consumption of alcohol illegal to everyone is a disaster. Keeping the legal drinking age at twenty-one is the best solution, because it promotes healthier drinking habits for everyone, especially the future’s adults.Keeping the legal age at twenty-one reduces the amount of death and injury; sexually transmitted diseases and abuse; and addiction. The public should be informed on the risks and negative effects to one’s health when drinking too much alcohol. Keep in mind the harmful short- and long-term affects alcohol has on the body. The next time y ou decide to sit down and have a drink, or two, or three, remember the lasting harmful effects that will ensue, especially if your still growing and developing.

Love vs Punishment Essay

In the article â€Å"Justice: Childhood Love Lessons† bell hooks claims that â€Å"there is nothing that creates more confusion about love in the minds and hearts of children than unkind or cruel punishment† (hooks 27). In other words punishment of any kind, let it be pinching, flicking or spanking will result in disorientation in a child’s mind. This statement is true to some people, false to others, but overall hooks tends to be bias in her argument. She doesn’t explore the different variations of physical punishment and how these punishments affect the child’s thought about love. There are many different types of punishment out there in this cruel world, but not all of them can disorientate a child’s mind or heart about love. Simple physical punishments; such as pinching, flicking, and spanking, are carried out on us at a very young age, and all throughout life. Our parents are here to discipline us, to teach us the difference of right and wrong. When we first misbehave, our parents might tell us to â€Å"knock it off† or â€Å"stop† and they may raise their voice when asserting these commands. We sometimes stop when told to, but sometimes we ignore their commands and keep misbehaving repeatedly. This is where physical punishment comes into play. A form of physical punishment would and will be carried out on us. At first it may be a simple punishment, but gradually the punishments intensify. Once a punishment has been carried out, many of us become cloaked in fear of punishment and from this fear we learn not to do that mistake again. Read more:  Persuasive Speech About Love Simple punishment is used for the good of children and to discipline them, â€Å"Dr.  David Safir, father of five and grandfather of five, CNN asked him to talk to us about his views on spanking. He said he was spanked as a child, spanked his own children when necessary and believes the occasional use of physical punishment — not abuse — can be an effective tool for parents† (Zeidler) If these simple punishments are executed out appropriately by the child’s parents, the child will be certain to remember why he/she was punished. These simple and effortless punishments will certainly not disorientate the child’s mind about love, instead it will discipline the child and help them in their future. Cruel and intense physical punishment do exist, these types of punishments may scar the child for life, and may even lead to behavior or personality change. For example, â€Å"As one man bragged about the aggressive beatings he had received from his mother, sharing that ‘they had been good for him,’ I interrupted and suggested that he might not be the misogynist women-hater he is today if he had not been brutally beaten by a women as a child (paragraph 8). These types cruel, harsh and brutal form of physical punishment will certainly cause confusion about love in a child mind. As the above example states â€Å"he might not be the misogynist women-hater he is today if he had not been brutally beaten by a women as child. † If this man was cared for and loved by his mom, then he certainly would have not been the misogynist he is now. He was confused and he never knew the true meaning of love, because all the overwhelming pain caused him to change. Millions of children across the world are brutally punished by their parents, siblings, family members and/or relatives. These children grow up to punish their children the same way they were punished and their children grow up to do the same and so on. These children and all the generations of children after them will be confused about love, their behaviors and personality are certain to change. Hooks fails to explain which types of punishment can cause confusion about love. Her entire argument is biased, she explains everything from her point of view and doesn’t put herself in others shoes. Her statement itself doesn’t make sense, saying that physical punishment will lead to the confusion about love in a child’s mind. Basically she is trying to imply that if I did something wrong and my parents were to physically punish me that would mean that they don’t love me anymore. Physical punishment if carried out in a appropriate manner will prevent the child from carrying out the mistake again. But if intense and brutal punishment is carried out on a child, the result can be devastating. The child will grow up filled with hatred, anger and resentment, leading to personality and behavior changes. A child will only be disorientated about love when they have been brutally punished by their parent and later imply that they love them by saying â€Å"I’m doing this because I love you† (hooks 27) or â€Å"It hurts me more than it hurts you† (hooks 27) In conclusion, â€Å"Kids need to be taught right and wrong, but the presumption we need to punish them to teach them this is not supported by the science. It’s not clear at all that punishment — in any form — is the answer, even though every culture uses punishment in some form. † (Zeidler) A loving parent would want their child to know what is right and wrong, to do the right and not the wrong, and to succeed at this they might use simple forms of physical punishment. But an irresponsible and careless parent wouldn’t care about their child at all, in which they will carry out brutal forms of physical punishment leading to major changes of how that child views the world. Explaining and giving more detail about the different types of punishment, would have led hooks into writing a better article. Physical punishments can nurture or completely change a child, but it all depends how the parent chooses to use it. Punishment can exist in various ways even with love.

US HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

US HISTORY - Essay Example Jefferson, nevertheless, states â€Å"A democracy is nothing more than mob rule, where fifty-one percent of the people may take away the rights of the other forty-nine† which reflects an ideology that the rule of people ought to be regulated to a certain degree. Jeffersonian democracy is characteristic of agricultural development, perception of a weak central government, and struggle for equality in the midst of rising social and technological changes (Jeffersonian Ideology). Jacksonian democracy, on the other hand, proceeded with a more radical approach in the belief of a system where common citizens ought to possess higher judgment or power of governance rather than the mere right or liberty to elect. The equal political policy attached to Andrew Jackson’s form of democracy enabled his democratic concept to be perceived as one that eradicates the ‘monopoly’ of the elites in the government. To Jackson, it is possible to acquire good leaders out of the common and the uneducated yet during his time, the scope of such democracy did not cover resolution of the issue on slavery (Jacksonian Democracy).    Through the help of M. Van Buren, President Jackson managed to develop a democratic party which occurred to enhance the thematic relevance of his being a â€Å"champion of the common man†. The party consisted of ideals which claimed to promote welfare and interests of the ordinary rural and urban working classes as it discouraged the elite people’s economic progress. Under this same democratic setting, the white Americans of average living standards gained the advantage of occupying lands of the west at affordable costs, only at the expense of Indians who needed to evacuate these lands and migrate to other yet uninhabited places of America (Jacksonian Democracy and Modern America). With the democracy of President Jefferson, however, democrats maintained the philosophy that central government must not have strong power as it might tend to defeat its

Role of the Midwife in Supporting Breastfeeding Essay

Role of the Midwife in Supporting Breastfeeding - Essay Example Her responsibilities include delivering the newborn and its care during the first weeks of life in addition to offering advice to women during this time of excitement, anxiety and uncertainty in their life.   An overview of the care provided includes ensuring the mother understands the necessary preventative measures taken during pregnancy to increase the odds for a healthy baby, detect atypical circumstances in both mother and baby, react quickly and appropriately during an emergency situation and secure medical assistance if necessary.   A formal description of the qualifications necessary to become a midwife is as follows: â€Å"A midwife is a person who, having been regularly admitted to a midwifery educational programme, duly recognised in the country in which it is located, has successfully completed the prescribed course of studies in midwifery and has acquired the requisite qualifications to be registered and/or legally licensed to practise midwifery† (â€Å"Defin ition of the Midwife†, 2003).   The Role of the Midwife The midwife’s responsibility is commonly thought to be the delivery of babies. Though this may be the main event in the process, the role of a midwife is much broader. They care and provide support not only to women and newborn babies but to husbands and family members as well.   They are available to all parties of the household during the entirety of the pregnancy, birth and as long as needed thereafter.   â€Å"She [the midwife] has an important task in health counseling and education, not only for the women.

The change in the Democratic coalition from Pre-Reconstruction to the Research Paper

The change in the Democratic coalition from Pre-Reconstruction to the New Deal coalition - Research Paper Example The liberal and populist ideologies that characterize the current Democratic Party policies began under Andrew Jackson. In order to win the support of the white property owners, Spencer (311), notes that Jackson stood on the policy of taking over the ownership of the lands under ownership of the native Indians, using any means necessary, including extermination and forced displacement. This manifesto earned unprecedented support from the less wealthy white settlers and land speculators, because it reduced the cost of buying land (Spencer, 312) Other policies that Jackson advocated in his quest for presidency included the extension of slave trade and servitude, which ensured that property and landowners continued reaping profits from their investments by using free labor offered mainly by black slaves (Spencer, 301). In addition, Jackson promised the voters an expanded monetary policy that would enable white settlers access credit facilities to buy land obtained from displaced native Indians. Access to credit facilities enabled white owners to embark on commercial plantations, where slaves provided cheap labor. These policies raised the popularity of the pioneer democrat especially among the white farmers who ventured in profitable farming of tobacco, sugarcane, cotton and other lucrative crops for sale. These policies propelled him to an easy presidential victory in 1828(Spencer, 318). In this respect, the foundation of Democratic Party and its subsequent win in 1828 election was a triumph of democracy over elitism if the issues of slavery, massacre and mass displacement of native communities are not considered. According to Aldrich (37), Jackson presidency successfully ended a long reign of presidents from exclusively... From this research it is clear that the issue of abolitionist movement and subsequent civil war are some one of the most defining moments of the then newly formed Republican Party and the already established democrats. The large acquisition of land from native people under democratic leadership resulted to creation of more territories for the United States especially on the western frontier. This created a dilemma on whether the newly created states would adopt slavery or remain free from servitude. Prior to the civil war, northern states had abolished slavery in the early 19th century. This was due to rapid growth of industries and mercantile enterprises in the north that were less labor intensive. However most southern states were mainly agricultural oriented and this created a huge demand for slaves to work in the plantations. Therefore, the abolitionist movement started in the northern states but the southern states, the foundation of Democratic Party support were determined to r etain slavery to support their main economic activity of farming. The Republican Party was dominant in the northern states and it managed to convince most of the voters the evils of slavery and the need to abolish it, in favor of humane economic activities, such as trade. This antagonism between the northern and southern states created conflict and the latter threatened to secede from the United States. Kansas, a newly created state from displaced Indian tribes provided an opportunity for determining whether the newly acquired territories would be free or in support of slavery.

Discuss using an extended example how annual report and accounts can Essay

Discuss using an extended example how annual report and accounts can be used to analyse and - Essay Example Other than the three key statements the annual reports include- Analysis and discussion by the company management; report relating to internal control and report stating the fairness and transparency of the financial statements. Under the management discussion and analysis section there is an explanation with regard to any significant changes in the current year’s performance over the previous years (Warren, et al., 2008, p.785). In the financial statements published by Sony Corporation for the financial year ending 2010 the Sales and operating revenue of the company for the last three financial years has been shown in a comparative way. The operating income of the company for the last three years has also been compared in the form of a bar chart. This shows how this income had dipped in 2009 but recovered, albeit marginally, in the 2010 fiscal. The marginal rise in the revenue is a positive sign for the investors as it signifies that the company has managed to overcome the losses of the previous years. Various other charts relating to Free Cash flow, Capital expenditure and R&D investment have also been shown by the company. These give an idea about the investment practices of the company. Financial ratios can be computed using the financial data of the company relating to net income, sales, financial expenses, debt, equity, assets etc. Using these one can get an idea about the liquidity strength, profitability, debt position, earnings capacity of the company. This is considered to be the most effective tool in assessing the financial soundness of the company (Gibson, 2008, p.452). For the financial year 2010 Sony has prepared a Consolidated Statement of Income where it has depicted the financial data for three years- 2010, 2009 and 2008. Using the sales and net income for this three year period one can prepare the net profit margin

Re -submission coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Re -submission coursework - Essay Example The courts are always bound by this principle; however, there is a possibility and exemptions when the courts can lift the corporation veil in order to reveal the true identity and character of the company under consideration. The main reason of this approach is that the law will seek to prevent a corporate organization from being misused or even abused (Prentice and Reisberg, 2011). In circumstances when the court is aware that the corporation is abusing its form, then the courts would rip off the corporate veil, and disregard the principles established by the House of Lords in Salomon vs. Salomon. On this basis, the assertions by Lord Denning in the case Little Woods Mail order, against Inland Revenue Commissioner is correct, and the courts have applied the principles established in this case, while lifting the corporate veil of companies whose cases are before the court. This paper critically looks at the concept of incorporation of the company, and its effects. It further on analyzes this concept of separate legal personality, and the principles contained in Salomon vs. Salomon (Prentice and Reisberg, 2011). This paper also relies on the 1985 companies act in supporting some of the facts identified in it. This paper also defines the concept of lifting the corporate veil, and instances when the courts can lift the corporate veil. This paper also has an analysis and evaluation section. This section is an analysis of the various concepts introduced into the paper. In meeting these objectives, this paper will use relevant case laws and authority. The conclusion of this paper is a summary of the various points addressed in it. The concept of incorporation of a company refers to the formation of new companies, that is given a legal benefit, and it is recognized as a personality under the law. The corporation under consideration can either be a business organization, a governmental institution, a sports club, a non-profit making organization, etc. A

African and american politics of social change Essay - 1

African and american politics of social change - Essay Example Before the era of the civil rights movement, there was no existing political or social movement in America with profound effects on the political and legal institution (Wendy, 2008). The civil right movement sought to restore the missing and the violated rights of the black people living in America as guaranteed by the fourteenth and fifteens amendment. The movement altered the relation between the state and the federal government; this is because many of the times the federal government was forced to enforce laws protecting the black people in America. The civil right movement resulted to the reemergence of the judiciary in America; this included the Supreme Court whose role was to protect the individual liberties against the majority power. Even with the incredible progress from this movement, the existing racialism and inequity between the black and the white proved difficult to eliminate. With the progress, the blacks still faced lower wages, racial discrimination, and their neighborhoods still had higher crime rates. For the younger black the movement was too mainstream to generate the intended social changes, they wanted something that could give blacks th e same opportunities as the whites both economically and socially. They felt that the movement comprised more of the white perceptions than the black perception. The head for the civil rights movement was reverend martin Luther king; he was also the head of the "southern Christian leadership conference." (Wendy, 2008) The black power movement, on the other hand, rose mainly after the civil rights movement gained momentum, this in the early 960s going on. The movement marked the turning point for the differing relationships between the blacks and the whites in the United States of America. The movement had some proactive and positive force which aimed at helping

ELL Proficiency Standards Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ELL Proficiency Standards - Assignment Example lps the English learners gain the proficiency in English fast and this guides them in meeting the language demands and in dealing with complex areas of instructions such as science, mathematics and social studies. A student at level III can apply the knowledge of English conventions through constructing simple or compound sentences with some errors. The structure of the sentence includes regular objects as well as simple and progressive sentences. The listening and speaking domain contain two standards, the comprehension of oral communication and the delivery of oral communications. The main objective of this domain is to ensure that students engage effectively in collaborative discussions either one or one with other others, teacher led or in-group discussions. This helps in building ideas and clear self-expression ( Common core, 2014). To meet the above objectives teachers and students should engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions such as (one-on-one or, in-group discussions. Learner to learner involvement in discussions with diverse partners is also necessary as it helps in building on others’ ideas and expressing themselves clearly. This domain contains four standards namely print concepts, phonemic awareness or coding, standard fluency and finally text comprehension. The main purpose of this domain is to help learners read and understand different texts on similar topics. Moreover, the domain assist enriching learners knowledge through use of vocabularies and to gain skills necessary in comparing and contrasting two different texts in the same topic ( Evenson et al., 2013). Many ELL students have difficulties in learning to read in English .To Build the reading fluency the teacher should encourage ELL students to reread orally books they are familiar with in English. While reading, the teacher keeps the track of errors and records them for further discussion with the student. Incorporating writing in the lesson helps student in

Why Chinese communist party-led governance in China is stable and Essay

Why Chinese communist party-led governance in China is stable and sustainable - Essay Example Chinese Communist Party formed the strategy to achieve a peaceful rise after the entry of China’s economy into rapid growth period. An important role in this was played by the introduction of the Open Door Policy and the Reform in China. Times changed for better during the second half of the 20th century as the world moved from war toward peace. This very important change had a far-reaching impact on all of the world in general and on the developing countries in particular. In the present age, when development and cooperation is sought by most countries, the peaceful rise strategy of China has become consistent with the global trend. Sun Yat-sen expresses this notion in these words, â€Å"World progress is like a tidal wave. Those who ride it will prosper, and those who sail against it will perish† (Yat-sen cited in Jianmin). Chinese communist party-led governance in China is stable and sustainable because of its prudent strategies and foresightedness. Political Trends Mao’s Cultural Revolution caused the state economy to collapse. China was left in a profound identity crisis and required radical restructuring of its national character. Deng Xiaoping’s first challenge after his resumption of power in 1976 was to address this exigency with acceptable values and norms (Lu and Simons). Since 1978, the ruling Communist Party in China has directed the country’s foreign policy at development of strategic partnership with China’s old Western enemies and moved China’s economy toward capitalism.... etween the ideological strategies and fervor that worked during the yenan years, the prevailing condition of peasantry, and demands of the developing economy in China (Pradnyawati 33). â€Å"In  the  post ­Mao  Zedong  era,  the party  ideology  has  successfully  shifted  from  that  of  class struggle  to  one of  economic  development† (Zheng 13). In contrast to Mao, Xiaoping’s pragmatic leadership placed emphasis on economic development of China and relinquished mass political movements. The leadership adopted policies of economic reform at the Third Plenum in December 1978 in order to expand rural incentives and income, boost experimentation in enterprise autonomy, attract foreign direct investment, and reduce central planning. The plenum resolved to accelerate the process of legal reform. After resurgence of the conservatives resulting from military intervention in Beijing on 4 June 1989, the process of economic reform slowed do wn. It was Xiaoping’s visit to China that gave economic reform a new impetus in early 1992. At the 14th Party Congress, Xiaoping’s renewed efforts to make Chinese economy market-oriented got official sanction. Many pro-reform young leaders were rising to top positions at that time. Xiaoping made management of economy in a way that prioritized improvement of living standards in China his primary policy objective even if that required adoption of capitalist measures. Xiaoping’s economic openness policies were publicly endorsed by the Communist Party Politburo. Ever since, China has placed emphasis on economic openness. This has played a great role in China becoming the second largest economy in the contemporary world. State and society The Chinese leadership proceeded toward increasingly pragmatic positions in a variety of fields

Significance of chapter 5 in Frankenstien Essay Example for Free

Significance of chapter 5 in Frankenstien Essay Look at the significance of Chapter Five to the novel as a whole. Focus on the relevance and effect of writers use of language to describe setting, character and what it shows about social and historical influences. When Mary Shelley was writing Frankenstein, she was heavily influenced by events going on in society at the time. She was married to Percy Shelley, who also influenced her with his romantic poetry. Mary Shelley wrote the novel for many different reasons. One of the reasons was said to have been that she was playing a game to see who could write the scariest horror story; this is where she began writing the basics of Frankenstein. Chapter Five is a crucial moment in the novel because this is where Frankenstein brings the monster to life. The chapter opens with It was a dreary night of November. This is building up an atmosphere, and it shows that it is dark, gloomy and that potential events are ahead. Frankenstein is feeling very emotional at this time, when he says How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe. This is because he thought that bringing the monster to life would be great, even though it turns out to be a big disappointment and too much for him to handle. Therefore he rejects the monster and abandons him. Consequently, this results in events such as; The monster feeling lonely and rejected, and ends up killing Elizabeth (Frankensteins future wife) because he wanted a companion for himself, and also to get revenge on his creator. In Chapter Five, you get to know understand the character of Dr Frankenstein much more. He is shown as many things, such as; Obsessive- I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body, which means he had spent all his time trying, and being determined to create the monster. He also is shown as anxious- With an anxiety that almost amounted as agony, which shows that he his worried about what he had done. On the other hand he is shown as nai ve, when it says The beauty of the dream vanished, which means he finds it impossible to face up to what he has done and he doesnt take responsibility for his actions. This is a significant moment in Chapter Five because of the language used to describe the character. Mary Shelley uses language to develop an atmosphere in Chapter Five. She wrote things such as The rain pattered dismally against the panes, which shows that the setting is gloomy and using the word dismally means that it is also wet and miserable. She also said It was on a dreary night of November, (refers to the Gothic ideas in the novel) which shows that it isnt light outside- she uses this to show that it isnt a happy setting. The emphasis on her language describing the setting and atmosphere shows the importance of Chapter Five in the novel. In Chapter Five, one of the key themes linked to society in the 19th century is science. This is because people didnt know much about it and it was new to them. Frankenstein says, Two years for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body, which links to the industrial period, because he tried to do something that hadnt been done before. Another key theme used in the novel is nature, and that links to science, because Frankenstein is trying to break the boundaries of nature by trying to create life unnaturally. This makes Chapter Five significant because it shows the social and historical influences at the time. In conclusion, studying Chapter Five has given me a better understanding of the 19th Century life, and it has also given me a better understanding of why future events in the novel happen.

Applications of Group Technology

Applications of Group Technology 1.0 Introduction Nowadays, the global economic of the world is getting increase and improves. All of the countries, nations and citizens are developing in a fast growing trend. Now the manufacturing processes also have to improve to such a way that produce and manufacture a good quality product with lower costs. Therefore a term group technology has been introduced. Group technology actually refers to a kind of technique which classifies the manufacturing part (sometimes named as family part) according to the size, shape, process or length. Some companies may group in according to other criterion such as the product’s function as long as it makes the company’s works easier. Actually, this group technology really can help to reduce the production costs. This is because grouping the part together (group of the part can be known as family part) can help to save the transportation costs, time of production and all this consequently increase the productivity, therefore, group technology defi nitely will be very useful to many of us. Actually people start using group technology since the 1920s. People start using group technology in manufacturing process during that moment. We are also able to see the example of group technology in our daily life. For example, when we go to the library in our school, all the book will be classify according to the faculty and the title of the books. This method is not only makes the works of the library staff easier but also enables the students or lecturer to find the books that they need easily. During the past decades, people normally used group technology to reduce the cost of production in manufacturing process. However, now the situation has changed, group technology has now become an important strategy for most of the manufacturing processes. It is an important aspect to improve the productivity and cause the company to develop in a better way. 2.0 Method to develop family part In order to use the concept of group technology, the companies have to think of the way to classify the group. The first step will be classifying the part of the products (family parts) according to two different attributes which will be based on the geometric characteristics and production process characteristics. In geometric characteristics, the products will be classified according to the size, shape and length. However, if the products are being classified according to the operation process, then the machine used for production, method of processing and tools used to hold the products will all being take into consideration. This actually is a method to group the part based on their attributes. Therefore, the company should observe their own product and determine the best way to classify the products. For example, for those company that actually own a factory that produce screw or bolt nut, the best method of classification will be geometric classification since the products may varies in shape and size. However, if the company is actually a health care company, and they are producing body shampoo, toothpaste and mouthwash then the better way to classify the product will be the operation processing classification. This is because the products produced are actually all the same in term of size and shape, but they may be varying in flavor and smell. This is causing the operation process to be different from each other. Then, the next step will be determining the method to form part families. Normally, the company will use three different methods to form the part families. The methods include coding and classification, manual visual inspection and production flow analysis. Different product may have different method to form the part families. The company should find the best way to group them and obtain the best result. 2.1 Classification and coding Classification is a process to group all the related parts into a group and sometimes can be known as part families. Wherease, coding is means that the part families are being assigned with a symbol. People will be able to obtain the information of the particular product based on the code. Each character of the code also carries the information of the previous character. This is the most effective and accurate method to classify group technology among these three methods. Nowadays, there are almost more than 100 types of classification and coding are available in the world. Besides, the coding system may vary from one company to another company. Many company had hire some experts to improve the coding system but there is no any universal acceptance until now. Some of the people may think that coding is just a simple task and can be easily done. However, it is actually a very difficult complex problem. Many time and energy have to be spent in order to find the best coding system that suitable for the company. As stated above, there are about 100 kind of coding system available in the world. However, all of the classification and the coding systems are actually can be grouped into three different kind. That will be Hierarchical (monocode), Attribute (polycode) and Hybrid (mixed code). Hierarchical (monocode) Hierarchical (monocode) is actually a coding system which the each character being used will need to depend on the meaning and carry along the information of the previous character. This kind of system also will show a tree structure pattern. The benefit of using this coding system will be the coding system is seem to be more apparent and all the information will be able to obtained based on the code itself. Hierarchical (monocode) is very useful in many ways especially when the products are differing in shape, size or other geometric characteristics. Forming a good hierarchical system can be very difficult. However, there are some hints for those companies who wish to form hierarchical system. When forming the codes, the company should ask themselves some questions. The answers collected from the choices will enable them to form an effective coding system. The benefits of this kind of coding system will be enables us to obtain many information within a single few digits code. Furthermore, this kind system makes some part of the part can bring along some useful abstracting information to the company. However, the disadvantage will be it is quite impossible to produce a perfect hierarchical system. The other disadvantage will be the existence of sub group can lead to many different sub-sub group, this cause some position having blank code. The figure above is an example of hierarchical (monocode) system and we can see that there is some imperfection in this system due to there is some empty coding exists. There some researches being done in order to improve and increase the efficiency of this hierarchical system.     Ã‚   Attribute (Polycode) The attribute code system sometimes can be known as polycode and chain code system. This code is different with the monocode in term of their digits. In this polycode system, the digits within the code are all carrying different information. Each digit represents each different attribute of the part. The advantage of this attribute (polycode) system will be very easily understood. This is due to each character is independent from one another. The company can know the details exactly after they saw the code. Unlike hierarchical code, the character has to depend on the previous information. Therefore, only the users who are familiar with the process can read the exact details. But this kind of coding system also did show a very significant disadvantage. This will be the code formed will be very long and large. The figure below will be an example of attribute code system. From this table, we can clearly see that each character actually represent different attitude of the products. For example, if we obtain a product with a code of ‘32123’ that it will represent that this product actually has the characteristics of, boxlike in external shape, center hole in internal shape, do not have any number of hole, the type of hole will be cross and the gear teeth is actually an external spur. Digit Class of feature Possible value of digits 1 2 3 4 1 External shape Cylindrical without deviation Cylindrical with deviation Boxlike †¦ 2 Internal shape None Center hole Brind center hole †¦ 3 Number of holes 0 1-2 3-5 †¦ 4 Type of holes Axial Cross Axial cross †¦ 5 Gear teeth Worm Internal spur External spur †¦ †¦ .. †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ Hybrid (mixed code) The final category of coding system will be the hybrid (mixed code). This is a kind of code system which most of the company prefer. This system combines the advantage from the Hierarchical (monocode) and Attribute (polycode) system. People may define this is an advanced system code. The example of this code will be ‘A12131B120’. The first alphabet ‘A’ is actually represents the type of part such as gear or screw. The next 5 digit used to represent the attribute of the part. Then the ‘B’ in the code above represents another subgroup such as the material or design. The following digit will be explaining the attitude of the subgroup stated. This clearly shows that this system did rely on the precious digit but also have some digit are independent which are able to show the attribute by itself. Actually there are also some organizations and company use a special kind of hybrid (mixed code) system. They are known as DCLASS or MICLASS code and contain up to 8-12 digits in a particular code. However, there is only some specific organizations such as (The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research) are using this special kind of hybrid (mixed) code system. Manual visual inspection Manual visual inspection will be one of the methods used to classify part families. Actually, this method is not accurate enough compared to coding and production flow analysis. This method is actually classifying the products based on the physical appearance. Sometimes, there will be some companies or organizations are classifying the products only based on the photograph and arrange them based on their feature. Therefore, we can conclude that this is one of the most inaccurate methods of grouping part families. However, there are actually some organizations are suitable to use this kind of coding system for their group technology. There is one company in United State successfully save their company from being backrub by using this manual visual inspection to classify their group technology. Actually, all of the method will be effective as long as it is suitable for the production of the company. Production flow analysis The other method to determine the part families will be the production flow analysis. This kind of classification system will mainly focus on the production process. The products that need to be manufactured by the same working process will be classified as a part families and then being processed by using a single kind of machines. The machines that used to manufacture part families are known as cells. Cellular manufacturing is referring to the manufacturing process when the part families are being manufacture by cell machine. The advantage will be this production flow analysis system need less effort compared to coding and classification system. When classifying products by using this system, we need to form a matrix. This matrix actually did bring along some special meaning. This actually is a machine-component chart and it is also a M * N matrix where M = number of machines and N = number of parts. The 2 figures below show the production flow analysis. The grouping will be based on the operation process and find the optimum solution for it. For example, there is a duplicate D in production flow analysis. This is because machine D need to produce too many parts. If only single machine to be used, group 1 and group 2 have to be combined but they have too many dissimilar routings, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 A 1 1 B 1 1 1 C 1 1 1 1 1 1 D 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 E 1 1 F 1 1 1 1 G 1 1 1 1 1 H 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 K 1 1 Figure above is the component machine chart 2 11 1 10 16 18 12 6 3 4 7 8 9 14 15 19 5 13 17 H 1 1 1 1 D 1 1 1 1 1 (Group1) F 1 1 1 1 A 1 1 B 1 1 1 E 1 1 D (Group 2) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 C 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 G 1 1 1 1 1 J (Group 3) 1 1 K 1 1 Figure above is the production flow analysis 3.0 Flow Chart in forming group technology Group Technology Advantages and disadvantages of group technology Group technology will play an important role in the future production plants although now it still does not achieve the widespread application. Using group technology strategy is definitely beneficial to all of us. This strategy is not only beneficial to the company but also beneficial to the citizen or users. The advantages of group technology toward the manufacturing process will be the production process can be improved. For example, the part control can become tighter, the physical layout of the machine group can be improved and the ordering tied toward the production also can be improved when group technology is being used. The other advantage will be a more systematic design and redesign can be produced. This will consequently lead to reducing on the planning time of the process and the setup time. The other advantage toward the manufacturing process will be the purchasing cost of the material can be reduced due to the materials are purchase in a very large quantity. This can also improve the accuracy of cost estimation of a certain companies or organizations. All these will definitely bring to an improvement toward the company and causes company or organizations to develop faster. The improvement also can be clear seen on the product itself when group technology is being used. We can clearly see the quality of the products being improved. This is because the number of completely new design can be reduced and this causes the workers more familiar with the part. This leads to a production of better quality products. The advantage that brings to the customer or users is the cost of the product is reduced when group technology being introduced. This is because the transportation fee to tr

Water Quality Of Perlis River Environmental Sciences Essay

Water Quality Of Perlis River Environmental Sciences Essay Malaysia is enriched by abundance of natural resources and one of them is the rivers or also known as surface water. River or surface water is precious and vital natural resource for all life on Earth especially human being as it provides water supply for human domestic use, irrigation for agriculture, as a means of transportation, industries use and so on. Even though there always has been plenty of fresh water in Malaysia, clean water supply has not always been available due to the rising water pollution problem. Nowadays, Malaysia has become an industrialized country and no longer left behind the other developed countries but at the cost of the environment. Effluent from the industrial area which is then discharged directly into the rivers without prior treatment is the main sources of water pollution. Besides, human activities such as the uses of agricultural chemicals, soil erosion due to improper development project, land use and so on are also contributed significantly to water pollution (Niemi et al., 1990). Pollution of river with high concentration of toxic chemicals and excess nutrients, which are resulting from surface water runoff, leaching from landfill site and ground water discharges has been aroused the public concern towards the water pollution issue. Thus, there is a need to assess river or surface water quality due to the increased understanding of the importance of water quality towards public health and aquatic life (Ying, 2005). Peninsular Malaysia consists of 11 states and two federal territories whereas Perlis is the smallest state among them. Perlis state is situated at the northwest of peninsular Malaysia. There are more than ten major rivers within the Perlis area while Perlis River is one of the most important rivers in Perlis. The length of the Perlis River is approximately 11 km through Kangar city to Kuala Perlis while the size of the river basin is approximately 310 kmÂÂ ². Perlis River has become the center stage for the public to socialize and for recreational activities particularly at Denai Larian Sungai Perlis. The number of visitors who are visiting to the river and surrounding area for rest and recreation purpose is estimated to be achieved 10,000 peoples per month. However, the quality of Perlis River does not reach the desired level and it is much difference if compared to the major rivers at developed countries. There are some problems which occurred at Perlis River at present. According to the Interim National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia, the status of water quality at Sungai Perlis is classified as Class III. There is heavy erosion occurred at Perlis River and leading to the river banks become very shallow. Residents which located surrounding the river have thrown rubbish or solid waste into the river therefore causing to unaesthetic scene and it is not accessible to boats. Besides, there is a landfill located in Kuala Perlis and this directly affects the water quality of the river when the leachate is leaching out. Squatters located near the river reserve area are also causing pollution problems and there is a need to regular patrols or hut-to-hut checks. Other point source pollution such as shrimp livestock ponds, Kangar wet market, esplanade at Perlis River, food stalls and the Kuala Perlis fisherman jetty are contributed significantly to the water pollution at Perlis River. (w ww.1s1rcommunity.net) On the other hand, the sources of water pollution can be categorized into point and non-point sources. Point sources of pollution refer to those easily identifiable pollutants which enter the water resource though a direct route, for example, effluent from wastewater treatment plants. Whereas for non-point source pollution, it refer to those pollutants which enter from diffuse sources and they are difficult to control, such as stormwater runoff (P.Jamwal et al., 2008). In this study, Mann-Kendall trend test and principal component analysis (PCA) have been applied to detect the trends of water quality data and to obtain the most significant parameters in order to trace the sources of pollutants. Mann-Kendall trend test is one of the most widely used non-parametric tests to detect significant trends in time series. It has the advantage that their power and significance are not affected by the actual distribution of the data (Hamed, 2009). Therefore it is more suitable for detecting trends in hydrological time series, which are usually skewed and contained the outliers. Mann-Kendall trend test has been widely used in assessing the variability on hydrological time series (Hamed, 2008). The examples of earlier studies which applied Mann-Kendall technique are trend study and assessment of surface water quality in the Ebro River (Bouza-Deano et al., 2008), hydrological trend analysis due to landuse changes at Langat River basin (Juahir et al., 2010), identification of hydrological trends at Canadian Rivers (Khaliq, 2009) and so on. Principal component analysis (PCA), one of the multivariate statistical techniques, is helps in reducing redundant parameters with minimum loss of original information (Helena et al., 2000). A better understanding of water quality can be achieved through the interpretation of complex water quality data matrices. Besides, it allows the identification of possible factors or sources that affect water systems and therefore a reliable management of water resources as well as swift solution to pollution problems can be found out (Vega et al., 1998; Wunderlin et al., 2001; Reghunath et al., 2002; Simeonova et al., 2003; Simeonov et al., 2004). In recent years, principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied in various aspect of field including environmental issues. It has been used to characterize and assess water quality data, and it is efficacious in verifying temporal and spatial variations caused by natural and anthropogenic factors (Helena et al., 2000; Singh et al., 2004, 2005). The examples of application of PCA in environmental issues are interpretation of ground water hydrographs (Winter et al., 2000), examination of spatial and temporal patterns of heavy metal contamination (Shine et al., 1995) identification of herbicide species related to hydrological conditions (Tauler et al., 2000) and so on. The aims of this study are to detect the trends of water quality data at Perlis River and determine the significant parameters that contributed to water pollution by using Mann-Kendall and principal component analysis techniques. A deeper understanding of the evolution in water quality from the year 2003 until year 2007 can be achieved via the Mann-Kendall trend test. Besides, by using the principal component analysis (PCA), the sources of pollutants can be traced and thus some mitigation measures can be carried out.

Nonprofit and For-Profit Hospitals Essay -- Health Care, Long Term Car

Describe the differences between nonprofit and for-profit hospitals. William & Torres provided a table to reflect hospitals ownership, and noted that some hospitals, while owned by one type of entity, may be operating under a contract by another entity, such as a hospital management company (Williams & Torrens, page 185). Some of the largest groups of hospitals in the nation are nonprofit community hospitals (Williams & Torrens, page 185). Nonprofit entities, including hospitals, function under special provisions of corporation law in each state, and under federal and state tax provisions that recognize their community service function (Williams & Torrens, page 185). The nation has approximately 1 million nonprofit entities of various sorts and hospitals have long been a traditional service provider in the nonprofit sector (Williams & Torrens, page 185). Nonprofit entities are generally exempt from most taxes at the federal, state, and local levels including income and property taxes (Williams & Torrens, page 185). These facilities are govern ed by a community based board that has ultimate authority for running these entities. Sponsorship for a nonprofit can come from various organizations, unlike other hospitals with traditional religious sponsorship (Williams & Torrens, page 185). A small percentage of the nation’s hospitals are operated by for-profit businesses (Williams & Torrens, page 186). For-profit hospitals have owners and issue stock to those owners to reflect their equity position (Williams & Torrens, page 185). For-profit hospitals are not just accountable to the community but must also provide a return on investment to the shareholders; they expect to generate a profit to pay a return to the equity inves... ... pays for 47 percent of all nursing facility care, and residents and their families pay for one-third. (Williams & Torrens, page 205). As for as the hospital, Medicare and private insurance are the primary payers from hospital services, with individuals paying relatively little from their pockets (Williams & Torrens, page 205). Critique the current state of long-term care policy in the U.S. After reviewing the current state of the long-term care policy from the United States, it appears to be slowly moving toward extinction. Public policy is not likely to provide any over- arching continuity for long-term care in the near future (Williams & Torrens, page 218). I agree with the idea of Americans engaging in personal planning. Personal planning will assure individual that if he or she needs long-term care it will be available.

Twelve Angry Men and the Jurors of The Kevorkian Trials Essay -- compli

â€Å"I can’t Function as a human being†¦ I want the right to die,† pleaded Sherry Miller, patient of Dr. Jack Kevorkian, the famous â€Å"Death Doctor† (Chermak 107). The entitlement to commit suicide was never a problem, that is until it was challenged by Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Kevorkian was born in Pontiac, Michigan in 1928 (Chermak 101). His infatuation with death started when his mother died from cancer. Kevorkian wanted to find an easier way to help people carry out their death wishes; therefore, his solution was a suicide machine (Chermak 103). In this way, more than 130 were helped by Dr. Kevorkian and his suicide machine (Chua-Eoan). Although Kevorkian was tried five times, he was found innocent four times (Chermak 108-115). His jury had an onerous time coming to their conclusion. Throughout Twelve Angry Men, written by Reginald Rose, Twelve jurors had to decide the fate of one boy convicted of stabbing his father in the chest. In the beginning, eleven of the twelve were positive that the boy was guilty and nothing could change their minds, but Juror Eight disagreed. He showed them the holes in each of the testimonies. After hours of debating, Juror Eight was able to convince most the jury into seeing reasonable doubt in the boys guilt. When the last vote was taken, the tally was eleven to one in favor of innocent. In the end, there are many similarities between the jurors from Twelve Angry Men and the jurors of the Kevorkian trials because they all had a complicated trial, and their rulings were influenced by their personal thoughts and pasts. Throughout Dr. Kevorkian’s career, he challenged the law unlike many. Kevorkian was tried five times, but four out of the five he was found innocent due to the complications with his offences o... ...od, 2007. Print. Chua-Eoan, Howard. â€Å"Jack Kevorkian.† Time 20 June 2011: 16. MAS Ultra - School Edition. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. Cohen, Adam Grace, Julie Tynan, William. "Showdown For Doctor Death." Time 152.23 (1998): 46. MAS Ultra - School Edition. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. Hosenball, Mark. â€Å"The Real Jack KEvorkian.† Newsweek 122.23 (1993): 28. MAS Ultra - School Edition. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. Lessenberry, Jack. "Jury Acquits Kevorkian in Common-Law Case." The New York Times. 14 May 1996. The New York Times. 24 Apr. 2014. Morgenthau, Tom Barrett, Todd. â€Å"Dr. Kevorkian’s Death Wish.† Newsweek 121.0 (1993): 46. MAS Ultra-School Edition. Web. 22 Apr. 2014. Rose, Reginald. Twelve Angry Men. New York: Penguin, 2006. Print. Shapiro, Joseph P.Bowermaster, David. â€Å"Death On Trial. (Cover Story).† U.S. News & World Report 116.16 (1994): 31. MAS Ultra - School Edition. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. 

How to be a New York Police Officer? Essay

A State with low crime rate and has deliberately peaceful community shows the effectiveness of the law and policies that the State has provided. Police department together with other related agencies is the prime partner of the government in maintaining the peace and order in the communities. With the proper and legal implementation of the state policies, people will not be worried of any threats or crime hat might harm them. The New York Police Department (NYPD) is currently the largest in population amounting to about 37,838 in January 2007. The core responsibility lies in enforcing the law and investigation of the crimes committed within the five areas of New York City. Being the largest police department in the US, it has specialized into broad divisions which include, the tactical operations, harbor patrol, intelligence, counter-terrorism, bomb disposal, and narcotics. Public transportation and public housing are also part of the responsibility of the department. According to a various statistics, police force is apparently decreasing. In June 2005, the number of sworn officers dropped to 35,000 from 40,000 in June 2004. In an interview to a New York police officer upon taking his opinion of reasons why there is decreasing number of sworn officers in the last 5 years, he certainly said that this may be due to the salary of a police officer which is only amounting to about $35,000 to $40,000 per annum. This salary is hardly to support the needs of the family and this amount is much lesser compared to other neighboring police department. As a tactical operation officer, he deliberately said that giving his life for the community is what he wants but with what is going on with the administrative part of the department, he considered shifting to other departments like the Port Authority Police which gives more salary for their officers. Reference â€Å"Careers. † New York Police Department. Retrieved April 4, 2009 @ http://www. nyc. gov/html/nypd/html/careers/cadet_corps. shtml

Certificate Essay

Whilst the layout of report cards is very much a personal or corporate matter, it is orthogonal to follow a few naive rules. )The report should have a beginning, midriff and end. b)It should be laid out in a manner that makes it easy to evidence (e. g. a title, sub headings, references to observation sheet of paper where necessary). c)Any recommendations be usually left until the end. This allows the alert manager to skip all the wearisome report and look at the buttocks line. 2. Relevant topics. It is important to conceive the purpose of this report. The majority of faults found during the care will be of a nonaged nature, which would be rectified by the men supervisor.The secret of a sizeable report is identifying those matters, which will need management action. Typically, these would involve a)Anything that has a follow implication, e. g. the need to figure for rebuild, the need to provide lockers etc. b)Possible breaches of legislation, e. g. every portable electrical equipment should be regularly tested, a requirement of the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989. c)A breakdown of procedures, e. g. PPE not macrocosm booked in and out of stores, a requirement of the workshop. )Poor supervision, e. g. Personnel working without PPE. e)Underlying problems, e. g. position of workers regarding tidiness. There is a need for that training to bring out the need for neat housekeeping 3. Cost implications. One of the most(prenominal) important factors associated with convincing management close taking action is the cost implication. If you muckle assure the reader that the action necessary will cost little or nothing, then the chances of agreement to the action is or so certain.The above, notwithstanding, if there is a substantial cost implication then it is necessary to highlight the fact to enable plans for future budgeting to be made. 4. Relevant legislation. As with the cost implications above, highlighting Possible breaches of legi slation will often lead to management action. It is necessary to attend that the legislation quoted is relevant, however. 5. Strength of argument. By producing a well balanced, logical report comprehend all of the above points, it should be adequacy to convince most managers that action of necessity to e taken. (it should be noted that in real life situations there are certain managers who will never be convinced, short of an accident happening, of the need for good health and safety practice.

Case Petroil

In 1 of Its outgrowth projects, the OLL exploration company Petrol was eng block offering devil come ins for two 011 exploration surfaces. Only one may be punctured. The cost of cut the place Numerous 1 was $ 100,000. prelude geologic data indicated that the well could be dry, or be of execrable productivity or be senior highschool gearly productive. He had gestural a contract with a development company to barter for the lay if a well by cut success you had. The buyer would pay $ 250,000 for a well of low productivity and $ 600,000 for high productivity well.If the well was dry, Petrol bear $ 100,000 of the cost of cut. By that time, the company geologist,Jane Good pull up stakesing, was timid about the initiation of a geomorphologic dome that site. A dome twist is a kind of anticlines (geological rock torsion formed as a veer folds as strata tectonic stress issueing from mixed types) raised to a certain insight by the accumulation of crude oil color and the growth of the pressure produced by the natural botch up . Structures are ideal for the accumulation of oil. She assign a probably of 0. 6 to the existence of a structural dome.Their assessments for dry, low, or high productivity wells were conditioned to geological structure. Table 1 shows the odds by estimated conditions. The geologist would ether give the information in this way though as she said, we will never know for sure if there is a structural dome, up to drill. turn off 1 Geological structure rise up With No Doom Doom teetotal 0. 60 0. 85 Low 0. 25 0. 125 High 0. 025 0. 15 1. 00 1. 00 Furthermore, the site No. 2 was quite different, the theater had been thoroughly examined using seismic testing and core samples.A core sample Is a method directly by pickings witnesses or cores (cores), collect rock samples interpreted within drill pipe, In which you shtup perform direct measurements of the petrochemical characteristics of the geological formation. at that p lace was almost certainly oil. The geologist assigned a probability of 0. 8 of finding oil there. The drawback to this place was that drilling costs were high, $ 200,000, and if oil is found, the well would be low productivity of oil. A contract was also signed with the same development company to buy the well of low production at Site No. 2 for $ 250,000.To religious service decide between the two sites, distributively drill site. Using the decision maneuver plot A decision guide diagram should be developed for this paradox using the concepts and the necessary rules. You must gear up the uncertain numbers that will be revealed sticking(p) on each decision. The random multivariate of interest is the elucidate contribution dejection be searchd at the end of each alternative or growth of the decision tree. Therefore in the branches of the diagram decision alternatives were presented with their respective probability and net contribution as a summation or loss. The deci sion alternatives with uncertain probabilities for drilling Site No. Events are unattached and would be appropriate to show them on the decision tree diagram (see extension phone 1). What would be the likely alternatives Drilling Site Number 1? They are not available erectly. We know the odds of having high, low or that the well is dry productivity. However, we dismiss adjust the chart for evaluation inserting other uncertain event as the geological structure (with or without dome). By including this pleonastic node, the description of the branches of the decision tree will expand to calculate the return (you barely need dry, low or high to calculate the net contribution). Now take on the status of the geological structure.With the expanded tree diagram decision is straightforward to calculate the probabilities required by the electric chair of the many. Therefore, this task has to insert the additional uncertain event (geological structure) so that the probability can be c alculated. The uncertain event should be displayed in the diagram to have an observable result where not only the state of well productivity, but also the state of the vestigial structure is found. Addition should be include because the geologist of the company wanted to use it as a basis for probabilistic assessments to the president of the company.

Body soul destinction Essay

The body is all about the bodily aspects of the brain-neurons and also the way in which the brain is structured.Many philosophers therefore make a important distinction between the mind and body, the dualist view that a person is made of two separate substances. On the other hand, some philosophers take a monist/ materialist view that the mind and the body are the thk same substance. This is a contentious area of philosophy, and has created a debate known as â€Å"the mind, human body problem†.Such philosophers as Plato take a dualist view and try to offer further evidence to suggest a distinction between the body and soul.It is located in space and time.Plato used evidence such as the â€Å"world of the forms†. He suggested deeds that by taking care of the soul and ignoring physical pleasures the soul can return to the word of the forms when the body dies. The evidence of Plato’s theory can be seen everyday.For the body to survive it must meet its basic need s such as food, reproduction and own physical pleasure.

He thought that soul and the body were two unique materials.’ According to Aquinas, the soul operates independently of the body. Aquinas believed the only things that are divisible into parts decay. The soul is not divisible logical and therefore on this basis of Aquinas’ argument it is able to survive death. However, through the link with a more particular human body the soul becomes an individual so even when the body dies the own soul that departs has an immortal existence.A acceptable comprehension of death is critical to be aware of the real character of how our presence.This supports the dualist view as firstly, it proves that the soul is immortal and lives on after death, and secondly that the soul is separate from the body as the man who claims to be Jesus appears to be unrecognisable implying he has a different physical appearance. For Christians try this will act as firm evidence that there is a body soul distinction, however for those who are not Christ ian the evidence may not be so reliable.Cartesian particle duality formed by Rene Descartes, describes the mind and body as being separates and is based on the prepositional phrase † I think therefore I am.† Descartes explained that feelings and sensations cannot be located physically.

This economic theory is extremely vague however.Descartes evidence is based on the assumption that we can live without the body. He concluded that the body has the job of best performing physical activities however, it is the mind that contains our identity. For Descartes the human mind is I, that we can live without the body as the mind makes us who we are. Descartes took the most religious view that after our death the soul is able to continue and be with God.His natural philosophy is much like the beliefs of nearly all Christians now about the spirit.Evidence for Swinburne’s theory comes from damn near death experiences.In many instances people have claimed to have had near death personal experiences whereby their hearts have stopped during surgery and yet they have reported detailed accounts of what happened during the time they were clinically dead. For some try this is evidence for consciousness, however if the body and soul is one entity this would be impossible. This therefore implies that there is something that lives on when the physical body is dead, for dualists this would be the soul.

Each element of the soul plays a role in the new equilibrium of the person.Some of Dawkins work includes the â€Å"selfish gene† and the â€Å"blind watchmaker† Within these he rejects any idea of the religious view of dualism and within the â€Å"selfish gene† he explains that humans are a lucky accident and that all life is opportunistic and humans what are merely genetic mutations with the need to mindlessly replicate. Dawkins does not deny human dignity and accepts the computational complexity of human life to be able to contemplate the origins of human life.The evidence unlooked for Dawkins theory of biological materialism is based on DNA. Dawkins explains DNA as a code of instructions deeds that is made up of millions of strands of genetic information.This primal signal could have later evolved to be a indication of emotional along with complete physical distress.He stated that humans are one composite being, one substance. His theory the â€Å"repli ca theory† he realised from a religious point of view the problem was continuity. In life after death technological how can someone be the same person without their body. Therefore Hick suggests that there curfew must be some kind of replica.

An individual should be very careful as they live how that they conduct themselves.Some national accounts during the new testament describe Jesus after the resurrection and was recognised by followers before ascension. From a religious full view this is evidence for the replica theory as it appears that Jesus died logical and when he came back had the same physical appearance as well as the same personality.Identity theory puts forward a materialist view of the soul. Identity theory is against behaviourism logical and suggests that the mind and the brain are in the same place.Its part of a complete individual without it is logical not composed of components such as the nonliving and living things and which a human being isnt complete and it cannot end.An analogy for this is that a woman can be a mother, a daughter and a little sister etc. The same person can have many functions, it is therefore the same for the rat brain which as well as having the functions we already recognis e such as controlling physical activity, speaking and less controlling bodily functions it can also control the mind.Overall, although religious philosophy offers an explanation unlooked for the body soul distinction it is based on little empirical evidence. For those who already follow the religion it may fit in with their beliefs however, for those who are militant atheist of follow another religion the evidence that it uses makes little logical sense.

Ikea Strategic Brand Management

When hoi polloi tittle-tattle astir(predicate) assemble of article of article of furnitures, the basic stain which bes to theme is IKEA. Originating from Sweden, IKEA starting time at large(p) workshop in 1958, hence in Nor de stiffor in 1963 and short after, it give out end-to-end the firm of atomic number 63 and therefore tardily fashioning its substance to the self-coloured world. With their largegest grocery line in Germ completely with 45 stores fol patheticed by joined States with 35 stores, now IKEA h elderly 313 stores in 30 countries. ( cult cross outing, 2012). know for its simplistic contrive which has supreme optimization, IKEA crossing sends from non plainly furniture just now a give c be contrary furniture segments such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as kitchen cabinets, build-in water clo influence and eachplace a good deal some some former(a) furniture.IKEA strategical nonice focus in fashioning the label such a madness among its customer and pastly leading(p) to a daub rank which is principal(prenominal) for IKEAs constitutional intersection point decipher qualification IKEA unmatched of the some(prenominal) worth(predicate) dent in the furniture niche. A view to IKEA for twain shop or vacuous would utter some(prenominal) factors on why customers experience jeo e graphemedize e precisewhere and over over again for non nonwithstanding outputs from IKEA save similarly the shop find out from IKEA. study a come across to IKEA with whatsoever other furniture consequence is distinct as mavin arse virtuallys the spirit of belongingness as the layout of each IKEA store pass waters w mendingness feels alkalily.It is so that customers faeces cast their familys when clouding IKEA intersections. IKEAs home(a) calculative squad instituti binglenessd the suite or kitchens in a counsel that multitude could jut out how their homes pass on smelling corresponding origin eachy get the output from IKEA make a purchase from IKEA a worthy one. Adding to that, IKEA make things diametric as its furniture and home furnishing shop is place so s wholesome up up, consumers who cherished particular propositionized cross modes from peculiar(prenominal) departments of the home. some other lever added to IKEAs tarnish is to the highest degree the aim of the harvestings.Eventhough IKEAs overlap design ar minimalistic, the fruits presents itself in an sophisticated way in such that it does non tell apart very much blank shell and just salvage be fit to dish up reveal or on par with what the particular produce leave do which lock discover nice to signboard owners or visitors kinda of a raw eye. For instance, IKEAs simpleton Lackside dim brown set back cleverness ascertain like a sulky one in gloomy and white, solely throwing in the act upon make it play to play it although an old indoctrinate design is utilise.In a aesthesis, that the designs be upstart and handed- raze with functionality. IKEAs products everlastingly come with a set of argument manuals that be non mixed and be honest reservation IKEAs product existence easily receive without much of tussle which in mold make unnecessary their expenditures offset and liable to the range of products world change. qualification products in such way added grade to the imperfection IKEA as furnitures be often regarded as comes in one piece or do it yourselves which is very nasty to assemble.Having products in subaltern and liable price range, it is no confusion that the shufflingmark IKEA appeals to more or less masses, originally to juvenile urban couples or families which do non loss to cauterise a deep hole in their pockets in their investiture of their first gear house. However, this does not mean that people on the middle(a) income or high income do not buy pr oducts from IKEA. IKEA produces products in such it varies in prices depending on its differences. Therefore, the discolouration IKEA is make stronger by introducing a grade of product ranges with disparate product prices which caters and carry through and through to any aim of income consumers learn in the market.Despite having products at such first prices, this does not verbalize that products sold atomic number 18 not of whole tone as buyers atomic number 18 wedded a sense of take to be to their kin items save significant the customers grammatical construction less(prenominal) is more(prenominal). not nevertheless that, every private year, IKEAs product prices are shock mess plane win which make it well-disposed for consumers who could not establish to get it the spare-time activity year, thus making the IKEA defect in addition a thriving one. pickings things a fewer move back, most of IKEAs product are make of woodland which in some way does n ot go well with the intelligence information environs in sundry(a) ways. Therefore, blow out decline is a decisive gravestone in output signal.IKEAs designers and engineers essay to pull down the count of stuff employ and indolent in production of its furnitures. Additionally, many a(prenominal) idle products are then used to make recent products, which in turn save reducing boilersuit monetary value both to the traveling bag as well as to the environment. Adding on to this, the retrieval part is amenable for sorting and cycle all utile materials, including promotional material gloomy down in-sotre as well as materials pile up from customers at cycle contribution bins where on tap(predicate). In conclusion, IKEAs strategic brand heed involves its sell and alue to be seen by consumers all around the world. utilise specialisation to its advantage, IKEA differentiates themselves with other big home furnishing and furnishing outlets available such as r angy Brand, Darby and Vandrie through products which are innovative, quality and still low in prices. And thus, sprightliness to its tagline low-priced solutions for break live says it all. (IKEA 2012) References fury mark. (2012). The IKEA craze Brand Profile. The Cult Branding Company. Retrieved from http//www. cult-branding. com/ikea-cult-brand-profile IKEA (2012). obtain to IKEA. Retrieved from http//www. ikea. com/